About the thirteenth century BC, the Children of Israel crossed the Sinai in their trek towards the Promised Land. Although the exact route that they followed has been much discussed among scholars, the traditional route extends through the Red Sea and then south to Ras Sudr, where Moses turned the bitter waters into sweet. Subsequently, they came to Elim, located at Raitho, the site of the seventy palm trees and twelve springs of water. From there, following the valley of Wadi Hebran, they passed by Pharan to Refidim, where they defeated the Amalekites, and from thence to Horeb, the Mount of the Law.
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